Numerical Control(NC) and Computer Numerical Control(CNC)

Numerical Control(NC):

Numerical Control(NC) is a method of controlling the movement of machine components by directly inserting coded instruction in the form of number or letters in the system.

NC are used extensively in small and medium quantity instruction.

The system automatically interprets these data and converts them to output signals. These signals control various machine components.

For example: by turning spindles ON and OFF, changing tools, moving the workpiece or tool along the specific paths or turning cutting fluids ON and OFF.

Computer Numerical Control(CNC):

In case of Computer Numerical Control(CNC), a dedicated computer is used to perform all the basic functions.

The computer part program to produce a component is input and stored in the computer memory and the information for each operation is fed to the machine tool i.e. motors, etc.

The part program can be stored in the memory of the computer and used in future.

The comventional NC Machine tools are not much in use these days. CNC Machine tools are widely used due to many new control features available on these machines.

Advantages of CNC over NC Machines are:

Reduced Lead Time:
- The time between the reciept of a design drawing by the production engineer and manufacturing getting ready to start production on the shop floor including the time needed for planning, design and manufacturing of jigs etc. is called Lead Time.
- Since, special jigs and fixtures are often entirely eliminated in CNC machines.
- So, the time spent for manufacturing in CNC machines is less than that in conventional machines.
Elimination of Operator Error:
- The machine is controlled by programme of instruction stored in the memory of computer.
- The programme is checked before it goes to the machine so no errors will occur i the job.
- Fatigue boredom or inattention by a operator will not affect the quality or duration of machining.
Increased Flexibility:
- The machine produce a specific part, followed by other part with different shapes and at reduced cost.
Greater Accuracy:
- Computer have a higher sampling rate and faster operation.

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Tags: CNC, Computer Numerical Control, NC, Numerical Control

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Numerical Control(NC) and Computer Numerical Control(CNC)